| Army worm | Biotic stress | At least three species of armyworms attack rice: the rice swarming caterpillar, Spodoptera mauritia (Boisduval); the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (F.); and the rice ear-cutting caterpillar, Mythimna separata (Walker). | armyworm in rice, damages caused by army worm, how to identify armyworm, how to control armyworm in paddy |
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| Stem borer | Biotic stress | "Stem borers can destroy rice at any stage of the plant from seedling to maturity. They feed upon tillers and causes dead heart or drying of the central tiller, during vegetative stage; and causes white ear heads at reproductive stage." | stem borer in rice, pink stem borer, how to identify stem borer, how to manage stem borer, chemical for stem borer control |
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| Rice whorl maggot | Biotic stress | The feeding damage of whorl maggots causes yellow spots, white or transparent patches, and pinholes. | rice whorl maggot, feeding damage of whorl maggots, whorl maggot symptoms in the field, how to check insect presence, how to manage whorl maggot, chemical control for whorl maggot |
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| Rice bug | Biotic stress | Rice bugs damage rice by sucking out the contents of developing grains, from pre-flowering spikelets to soft dough stage. Immature and adult rice bugs both feed on rice grains. | rice bugs damage, rice bug feeding damage, symptoms of rice bug in field, how to manage rice bug, chemicals to control rice bug |
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| Plant hopper | Biotic stress | plant hoppers can be a problem in rainfed and irrigated wetland environments, and in areas with continuous submerged conditions in the field, high shade and humidity. | rice plant hopper, symptoms of rice plnat hopper damage, hopper burn in rice field, how to manage plant hopper, chemicals for plant hopper |
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| Mealy bug | Biotic stress | Both adult and nymph mealybugs remove plant sap by sucking. This results in curling of leaves and wilting of plants. | rice mealy bug, mealy bug damages in rice, symptoms of mealy bug damage, how to manage mealy bug, chemicals for mealy bug |
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| Leaf folder | Biotic stress | Leaf folder caterpillars fold a rice leaf around themselves and attach the leaf margins together with silk strands. They feed inside the folded leaf creating longitudinal white and transparent streaks on the blade. | rice leaf folders, symptoms of leaf folder damage, how to manage leaf folder, chemicals for leaf folder |
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| Hispa | Biotic stress | Rice hispa scrapes the upper surface of leaf blades leaving only the lower epidermis. It also tunnels through the leaf tissues. When damage is severe, plants become less vigorous. | rice hispa, Hispa feeding damage in rice, symptoms of hispa, how to manage rice hispa, chemicals for hispa |
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| Green leaf hopper | Biotic stress | Green leafhoppers are the most common leafhoppers in rice fields and are primarily critical because they spread the viral disease tungro. Both nymphs and adults feed by extracting plant sap with their needle-shaped mouthparts. | green leaf hopper in rice, GLH symptoms, management practices for green leaf hopper, chemicals for GLH |
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| Gall midge | Biotic stress | Gall midge forms a tubular gall at the base of tillers, causing elongation of leaf sheaths called onion leaf or silver shoot | gall midge in rice, symptoms of rice gall midge damage, how to manage gall midge, chemicals for gall midge |
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